High-Intensity vs. Low-Intensity Exercise in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and significant impairment in quality of life. Exercise has emerged as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing IBS symptoms. Aim. This review aims to explore the current evidence on the effects of different exercise intensities: low- to moderate-intensity and high-intensity on symptomatic aspects of IBS. Material and Methods. A review of relevant literature was conducted using sources retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. Results. Regular low- and moderate-intensity exercise consistently helps reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and support psychological well-being, with minimal risk of side effects. Higher-intensity workouts, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), show more mixed results. When performed with appropriate frequency, intensity and recovery, they can enhance mental health and reduce systemic inflammation; however, they may also trigger temporary gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Current evidence suggests that different exercise intensities can influence gut motility, the gut-brain axis and even the composition of the gut microbiome in distinct ways. Conclusion. Current evidence supports low- to moderate-intensity exercise as the most effective and safe strategy for managing IBS. High-intensity exercise may introduce additional long-term systemic benefits when introduced progressively and monitored carefully, but its effects on gastrointestinal symptoms remain inconsistent and require further study.