Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): A Review from a Health Education Perspective

Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic complications. Diet and lifestyle can modulate the gut microbiota and gut motility, influencing the risk of developing SIBO. Objective: The aim of this review is to synthesize the current evidence regarding the influence of dietary and lifestyle factors on the development and progression of SIBO. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, covering publications from 2011 to 2025. Studies examining the association between dietary patterns, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with the occurrence or severity of SIBO were included. Results: A diet high in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs), high in fat, and low in fiber predisposes to SIBO through dysbiosis and impaired gut motility. Low levels of physical activity, irregular meals, snacking, excessive alcohol consumption, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and smoking are potential risk factor. Interventions including dietary modification, regular meals, physical activity, and the use of probiotics and prebiotics can improve symptoms and modulate the microbiota. Conclusions: Diet and lifestyle are key factors modulating the pathogenesis and treatment of SIBO. Clinical strategies should combine dietary interventions, lifestyle optimization, and pharmacotherapy. Further prospective and interventional studies are needed to standardize dietary recommendations and the role of lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of SIBO.