Influence of wound closure materials and surgical techniques on healing quality

Background: Surgical wound closure is critical for post-operative healing and scar formation, with outcomes dependent on anatomical location, tissue characteristics, and material choice. Recent advances in closure methods including absorbable sutures, monofilament sutures, staples, and tissue adhesives have improved healing rates and cosmetic outcomes. Aim of the study: This research comprehensively compares different wound closure materials and techniques on post-operative healing, scar quality, and complication rates. Analysis includes assessment by anatomical location, wound size, and patient-related risk factors. Materials and methods: This review synthesizes evidence from randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines in surgery, dermatology, and plastic surgery. The analysis of each material includes its composition, recommended locations, impact on the healing process, healing time and final scar outcome. Results: Absorbable sutures and monofilament non-absorbable sutures demonstrated lower tissue reactivity and favorable healing times in most sites. Subcuticular techniques provided better cosmetic outcomes, tissue adhesives achieved rapid closure for low-tension wounds, and barbed sutures reduced closure time without increasing complications. Conclusion: There is no universally optimal wound closure material; selection should be individualized according to wound location, tissue type, and patient profile. Absorbable monofilament sutures and subcuticular closure techniques often yield the best balance of healing and scar quality, with patient health and technique playing pivotal roles in determining outcomes.