Non-pharmacological strategies in the management of arterial hypertension in the elderly: A review of dietary, probiotic, and physical activity interventions

Background: Arterial hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. While pharmacological therapy plays a central role in management, non-pharmacological interventions are often the first-line approach, particularly in older adults. Aim: This article aims to review current evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for managing arterial hypertension in older adults, focusing on diet, probiotic supplementation, and physical activity. Material and Methods: Data were obtained from publicly available scientific sources, including PubMed, BioMed Central, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate Results: The literature confirms the effectiveness of the DASH diet in lowering blood pressure and improving metabolic parameters, including insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. Reducing sodium and alcohol intake may delay or partially replace the need for pharmacological treatment. Probiotic supplementation exhibits antihypertensive effects by modulating gut microbiota and reducing inflammation, with minimal side effects. Regular physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, contributes to significant reductions in blood pressure and improves functional capacity in older adults. The success of non-pharmacological interventions requires individual tailoring to each patient’s needs. Conclusions: A comprehensive approach combining the DASH diet, sodium and alcohol restriction, probiotic supplementation, and regular physical activity forms the cornerstone of effective non-pharmacological management of arterial hypertension in older adults. These strategies can reduce the need for pharmacotherapy, minimize drug-related adverse effects, and improve cardiovascular outcomes.