Ankle Sprain: A Common but Often Overlooked Injury – A Review of Causes, Treatment, and Rehabilitation

Introduction: Ankle sprains are a common injury affecting millions of people worldwide. While many cases are mild, they can lead to chronic joint instability, functional limitations and an increased risk of recurrence. Sprains most commonly involve the lateral ligaments of the joint, particularly ATFL, and in more complex cases, may also affect other structures, resulting in the high treatment costs. Aim: The aim of this article is to present modern methods of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of ankle sprains, including innovative therapies and technologies that support recovery. Methods: A search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar was conducted. Included were randomized controlled trials, systematic review and meta-analyses of ankle sprain treatment and rehabilitation strategies. Results: An ankle sprain, if not treated properly, can lead to chronic instability, functional limitations and the risk of recurrence. Early diagnosis, intervention are crucial. Modern therapeutic methods such as micro-needle knives, electroacupuncture and rehabilitation robots offer promising treatment options. Integration of traditional methods with innovative technologies can speed up rehabilitation, improve joint stability and reduce the risk of recurrence. Conclusion: An ankle sprain, despite its initially mild nature,can lead to long term functional consequences. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention are crucial to minimise the risk of chronic instability and other complications. Modern diagnostic technologies and biological therapies are promising treatment options, accelerating the rehabilitation process and improving functional outcomes. However, these innovative methods require further research and verification of the reliability of the results obtained, as they are still in the early stages of development.