Xun Zi’s theory of evil: A new perspective on human nature.

This study re-examines Xunzi’s theory of evil in order to highlight its philosophical significance for understanding human nature. It raises the central hypothesis that Xunzi’s conception of evil not only represents a distinctive and groundbreaking interpretation within Confucianism but also provides a theoretical basis for the later development of Legalist thought. The article first analyzes the essential arguments of Xunzi’s theory, then contrasts it with major perspectives on human nature in both Eastern and Western traditions, thereby situating it within a broader intellectual context. Furthermore, the discussion considers the relevance of this theory to contemporary social challenges, particularly in relation to moral education, governance, and the cultivation of ethical behavior. Methodologically, the research draws on analytical, historical-logical, and comparative approaches to provide a comprehensive and critical understanding of Xunzi’s contribution.