Pollutant removal efficiency in a meander flow filter applied in the outflow of a constructed wetland wastewater treatment plant – A case study

The aim of the study was to determine the phosphorus removal efficiency of Rockfos ® material used to fill a fullscale meander-flow P-filter.The filter constitutes the final stage of a hybrid constructed wetland wastewater treatment plant located in Białka, Dębowa Kłoda commune in southeastern Poland.During the May 2022-July 2025 study, phosphorus removal efficiency and pH changes were analyzed based on wastewater analysis before and after the P-filter.Additionally, an extended wastewater analysis was conducted between August 2024 and July 2025, including analysis of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), electrolytic conductivity, and total nitrogen (TN).The phosphorus removal efficiency of the meander-flow filter during the full study period was 44.43%.Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of P-filter on pH, turbidity, conductivity, and changes in phosphorus concentrations, total alkalinity, as well as BOD 5 .No significant effect was found on total nitrogen and COD.