Polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine: the science, mechanisms and clinical considerations

Polynucleotides (PNs) and polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) have gained immense traction in aesthetic medicine due to their regenerative properties. These biostimulator agents act at a cellular level to promote fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodelling, and DNA repair – enhancing skin elasticity, hydration and overall tissue quality. Clinically, PNs have been used in multiple different indications, including facial rejuvenation (periorbital, perioral, midface), neck and décolletage laxity, hand revitalisation, hair restoration, acne scarring and post-inflammatory pigmentation. Although current evidence is limited to small-scale studies of low-moderate methodological quality, outcomes consistently report skin texture enhancement, wrinkle reduction, improved dermal hydration, and high patient satisfaction, with only mild and transient side effects observed. This review analyses available literature, positioning PNs as a safe, effective and distinctly regenerative option distinguishing them from traditional skin boosters and other biostimulators.