Bioindication of oil-contaminated grey-meadow soils

Energy development has been a fundamental economic challenge for Azerbaijan, leading to the intensive exploitation of natural resources and significant changes in the natural landscape. A significant portion of these lands is contaminated due to oil production without adequate environmental protection, leading to soil degradation. This study evaluates the phytoremediation potential of watercress (Lepidium sativum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in cleaning oil-contaminated grey-meadow soils. The results show that while oil inhibits heterotrophic microorganisms, it increases hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms. Furthermore, increasing hydrocarbon concentrations negatively impact seed germination and biomass. The study concludes that watercress acts as a sensitive indicator and alfalfa as an accumulative plant for effective soil restoration.