Encountering the potentials of probiotics against urogenital tract infections in females

Urinary tract infection (UTI) and vaginitis are common conditions among females, significantly impacting overall life health and quality, imposing economical burdens and rising concerns of antibiotic resistance and limiting current treatments, probiotics have emerged as promising non antibiotic adjuvant and alternatives. Lactobacillus species restore and sustain a balanced microbiome offering protection against uro-pathogens by enhancement of epithelium barrier, immune modulation, competitive exclusions and biofilm disruptions. Clinical trials have documented the efficacy of probiotics both orally and vaginally in reducing UTI, preventing recurrences and restoring vaginal microbiota. This review highlights the aspects of probiotics mechanism of action, clinical trials and applications, exploring potentials of next generation probiotics and advancement in in delivery systems. While probiotics offer promising efficacy in managing UTI and vaginitis, further research studies are required to clarify exact mechanisms, strains potentials, dosage forms and doses, framing regulations regarding probiotics industry and tailored probiotics field.