Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Lipid Metabolism Disorders and Potential Targets for Gene Therapy

Diseases associated with impaired lipid metabolism are major contributors to the rising global burden of cardiovascular disease. Over the past several decades, cardiovascular diseases have consistently remained the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Many of these conditions are linked to mutations in genes encoding proteins that regulate lipid metabolism. At the same time, secondary lipid metabolism disorders can arise from unhealthy lifestyles and harmful habits that initiate pathological processes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these processes is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for both primary and secondary lipid metabolism disorders. The rapid advancement of innovative gene therapy approaches has introduced novel strategies for treating a wide range of diseases, and further progress in these technologies is expected to broaden the spectrum of target conditions. This review will examine potential therapeutic targets for lipid metabolism disorders and summarize existing gene therapy approaches.