Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Applications of Phenyl Hydrazine Derivatives- A Review

This review highlights the synthesis, characterization, and biological potential of phenyl hydrazine derivatives, focusing on anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antioxidant activities. Phenyl hydrazine derivatives were analyzed using advanced methods such as FTIR, ¹³C NMR, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy to achieve precise structural elucidation. Anti-inflammatory activity was examined via molecular docking analysis with inflammatory proteins and in vivo testing using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. The anticancer potential of these derivatives was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer and Caco-2 colorectal carcinoma cell lines, showing higher cytotoxicity than doxorubicin and cisplatin. Additionally, their antimicrobial activity was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus, demonstrating broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.