High-Precision Beamforming Reflectarray Using an Improved Hybrid PSO-GA Algorithm and Low-Coupling Element

This paper proposes a high-precision cosecant square beamforming reflectarray using an improved hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm (PSO-GA) and low-coupling square ring element. Firstly, a novel hybrid PSO-GA algorithm is carried out to optimize the phase distribution of the high-precision beamforming reflectarray. Then, an element is presented whose reflection phase is insensitive to different incident angles and reflection amplitude stable with variations of element size. By using the above-mentioned methods, a high-precision beamforming reflectarray is designed and analyzed. The experimental results show well-defined cosecant squared beams in the predefined direction are achieved in the frequency range from 13.1 to 14.3 GHz and have low loss.