Maximum Ratio Transmission for Pedestrians’ Safety at Crosswalks in An Outdoor V2X Environment at 28 GHz

Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) include pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorized two-wheelers operators. According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2023 Global Status Report on Road Safety, pedestrians account for 23% of fatalities, or at least 31 deaths every hour. In developed countries, the number of road accidents is significantly declining, but a significant percentage of accidents involving VRUs still remains high. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is one such safety feature that fosters communication amongst numerous elements on the road for cooperative safety and, consequently, pedestrians. Communication between vehicles and pedestrians (V2P), infrastructure and vehicles (V2I), and vehicles themselves (V2V) is a part of vehicle-to-everything (V2X). Pedestrians carrying mobile devices and wearable technology can depend upon V2X communications to improve their safety and situational awareness. To transmit and receive signals efficiently, this paper compares and evaluates the performance of Linearly Polarized Antenna array (LPA) with and without Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) technique in the context of V2P communications. The focus is on the pedestrian’s point of view at crosswalks in outdoor V2X scenarios. In conclusion, LPA with MRT technique surpasses in signal reception at pedestrians near crosswalks in a V2X outdoor environment.