Early Outcomes of Screwless Press-fit Acetabular Cups in Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study from Eastern India

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains one of the most effective surgical interventions for advanced hip pathology, providing reliable pain relief and functional restoration. Despite widespread use, outcomes from different regions and clinical settings continue to be valuable for benchmarking the quality of care. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of orthopedics at a tertiary care center in eastern India. Thirty adult patients undergoing uncemented THA for various hip pathologies were enrolled. All procedures were performed using a porous press-fit acetabular cup through the modified Hardinge approach. Perioperative parameters, radiographic findings, and functional outcomes, including the Harris Hip Score (HHS), were recorded. Patients were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. One patient was lost to follow-up. Results: Among the 30 patients, 24 (80%) were male, and 6 (20%) were female. Primary indications included osteoarthritis secondary to avascular necrosis (16; 53.33%), post-traumatic arthritis (10; 33.33%), rheumatoid arthritis (3; 10%), and corticosteroid-induced arthritis (1; 3.33%). The mean pre-operative HHS was 43.33 ± 10.8, categorized as poor. The average operative duration was 87.23 min (range: 60-135), with a mean intraoperative blood loss of 388.67 mL (range: 220-820). Radiographically, none of the 29 evaluated patients demonstrated component loosening in either the acetabular or femoral zones at any follow-up interval (1, 3, 6, or 12 months). Functional outcomes showed statistically significant improvement: mean HHS increased to 80.97 ± 5.1 at 1 month, 86.07 ± 4.0 at 3 months, 90.42 ± 2.9 at 6 months, and 92.59 ± 2.7 at 12 months (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusion: Uncemented THA using a porous press-fit acetabular cup demonstrated excellent early outcomes, with no evidence of component migration or osteolysis during 1-year follow-up. Patients experienced significant and sustained improvement in functional scores, with no major complications reported.