Assessing Urban Livability in Coastal Cities Facing Tidal Floods: A Quantitative Study of Public Satisfaction Factors

Urban viability is a multidimensional issue that is increasingly important for coastal cities in developing countries facing ecological pressures due to climate change. This study aims to identify the main factors that affect public satisfaction with the feasibility of living in Pekalongan City, Indonesia, which is routinely affected by tidal floods. Using a mixed-method approach, quantitative data were obtained through a survey of 300 respondents and analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multiple linear regression, while qualitative data were used for triangulation to deepen the understanding of the context and perception of respondents. The results of the EFA identified seven dominant factors that shape public perception, namely the physical condition of flood impacts, governance transparency, community preparedness, public trust in the government, economic instability, and access to public services. The regression analysis showed ten significant variables that contributed to public dissatisfaction, with the physical environment and infrastructure as the main determinants. The triangulation findings show that communities have adapted to tidal flooding as a routine disruption, but still demand improved adaptive infrastructure, transparent governance, and stronger social capacity to build resilient and sustainable coastal cities.