Comprehensive Constructive Achievements of the Regulatory Seismic-Resistance, Energy-Efficiency, Thermal Comfort, and Sanitary Conditions in Low-Rise Residential Building Design

The multidisciplinary goal of the scientific research was achieved through the interdependent achievement of building design problems on its seismic-resistance, energy-efficiency, thermal comfort, and sanitary conditions. Practical issues in optimal design of low-rise buildings are solved by proposing joint structures of brick walls with monolithic reinforced concrete columns, tie beams, and foundations. Based on numerical investigations, the cross-sections of these elements are reduced, since the maximum displacements of the building frame's upper points along the X and Y axes under seismic loads are lower than the regulatory limits. The presented isotherms and heat flow intensities on the cross sections of the structural joints made it possible to eliminate the negative effects of thermal bridges and mold growth by installing additional layers of thermal insulation on them. Based on the developed schedules, the optimal width of these additional layers of thermal insulation and the radius of rounding of the inner corner of the outer wall with cement-sand mortar are proposed. The authors' comprehensive solutions enabled savings of 11.3% for concrete and 3.54% for steel reinforcement, as well as a reduction in annual heat consumption of 6.61–8.08% for the studied building, located in six representative cities in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.