[Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Driving Factors of Ecosystem Services in Beijing Based on XGBoost-SHAP Model].

indices for the four ecosystem services all passed the significance test and demonstrated significant high-value aggregation characteristics. ③ There was a significant synergistic relationship between habitat quality， carbon storage， and soil conservation. However， there was a trade-off between water yield and these factors. ④ The XGBoost regression model showed good prediction performance on both the training set and the test set， with the predictive performance on the training set being better than that on the test set. The SHAP model analysis indicated that elevation was the key driving factor affecting the four ecosystem services. Slope significantly affected habitat quality， carbon storage， and soil conservation. Population density mainly affected habitat quality and water yield， while annual precipitation had an important influence on water yield and soil conservation. The research results can provide scientific support for optimizing the spatial patterns of ecosystem services and formulating ecological protection strategies in Beijing.