[Impacts of extreme climate on peanut per-unit yield in Henan Province and its disaster losses assessment].

Peanut is a typical crop in Henan Province. Identifying the relationship between per-unit yield fluctuation and extreme climate is crucial for ensuring planting security. With the dataset of peanut per-unit yield from 17 cities during 1988-2022, we analyzed the variations of regional disparities in planting efficiency, quantified the impacts of extreme climate on peanut through the multiple regression analysis between climatic yield and 9 extreme climate indices, and identified the spatio-temporal variations for comprehensive climatic disaster-losses of peanut using climatic reduction rate and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method. The results showed that regional equilibrium in peanut planting efficiency showed an increasing trend during 1988-2022, though per-unit yield in western cities remained significantly lower than those in eastern high-yield regions. The high-temperature events generally intensified across months during the growing season, with nearly 60% of stations showing significant increasing trends in August, while the intensification of concurrent heavy precipitation and drought was not significant. The dominant disaster-inducing factors for peanuts exhibited significant regional differences, with strong rainfall in the southern, eastern, and northern regions, and high-temperature and drought in the central-western regions. Extreme climate led to a significant reduction in peanut yields by 0.8%-6.7% in 12 cities. Climatic disaster losses of peanut displayed higher intensity during 1988-2009 but remained at low levels during 2010-2022.