Tracing the diffusion and adoption of care models: the case of Buurtzorg in Spain and Denmark

Innovative care models, such as Buurtzorg, have been promoted as ways to address deficits in labour conditions and service quality in long-term care. This article traces the causal mechanisms of the diffusion and adoption of the Buurtzorg model in four municipalities in Denmark and Catalonia (Spain). Drawing on a process tracing of interviews, observations and documentary evidence, the analysis shows that while the model has been widely adopted in Denmark, adoption in Catalonia has been limited. Key common causal diffusion and adoption mechanisms include expert theorisation and learning. However, Denmark’s integrated, well-funded care system fosters diffusion and adoption through inter-municipal competition. The article highlights the relevance of transnational actors, including local service providers and theorists, in diffusion and change processes while acknowledging the centrality of national boundaries and institutions in policy change.