Advances in the application of various imaging techniques in the diagnosis of intrauterine adhesions

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) is a common gynaecological condition that significantly impacts female reproductive health. Radiological examinations, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hysterosalpingography (HSG), are the main methods for the diagnosis of IUA. Ultrasound has the advantages of noninvasiveness and convenience and is widely used for the preliminary screening for IUA; MRI shows higher accuracy and specificity in the evaluation of complex and moderate-to-severe IUA; HSG, as a traditional diagnostic tool for IUA, plays a key role in the preliminary screening and morphological assessment of IUA. The combined use of multiple imaging techniques can achieve complementary advantages and thus significantly improve the accuracy and specificity of IUA diagnosis. This article systematically reviews the application, advantages, and limitations of the aforementioned imaging modalities in the diagnosis of IUA, as well as the combined use of different imaging techniques, in order to provide a comprehensive reference for clinicians and promote the precise diagnosis and treatment of IUA.