Formation mechanism and research progress of the pre-metastatic niche in breast cancer

"The pre-metastatic niche（PMN）represents a microenvironment at potential metastatic sites，whose physiological alterations determine the efficiency of tumor metastasis and organotropism. The treatment of breast cancer with distant metastasis remains a significant clinical challenge. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying PMN formation in common metastatic organs have highlighted the critical role of PMN-induced immunosuppression in facilitating tumor immune evasion and maintaining tumor dormancy. This article explores the metastatic process of breast cancer and reviews how PMNs create favorable microenvironments for tumor cell colonization in major metastatic sites（liver，lung，bone，and brain），aiming to provide novel therapeutic targets for combating breast cancer metastasis."