F/N co-doped carbon coating on graphite for high-rate, long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries

The urgent demand for sustainable energy storage systems has driven extensive research on high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, graphite anodes have inherent drawbacks such as surface heterogeneity and limited rate performance. We developed an F/N co-doped carbon-coated graphite anode (G@FN) to tackle these challenges. Specifically, F-doping induces the formation of a highly ionically conductive LiF-rich SEI film. Furthermore, N-doping enhances the electrical conductivity of materials. This synergistic effect significantly enhances interfacial stability and lithium storage kinetics. The G@FN core-shell anode material exhibits a high specific capacity of 402.05 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling stability (maintaining a specific capacity of 113.19 mAh g−1 after 350 cycles at 2 C, with a capacity retention rate of 91.66%). This work demonstrates a simple and cost-effective artificial interfacial engineering strategy, providing methods for advancing high-rate and long-cycle-life graphite-based LIBs.