SNG metasurface-enhanced two-terminal silicon–graphene THz antenna with beam tilting, circular polarization, and isolation improvement

In this study, a two-terminal dielectric antenna working in the terahertz (THz) frequency range that is stimulated via a circular aperture is designed and analyzed. A hanged single negative metasurface allows circular polarization (CP) in the 3.19–3.55 THz band, along with improving isolation between antenna terminals by more than 30 dB, and a metasurface (MS)-built corner reflector is integrated between the ports to achieve a ±45 ∘ beam tilt, which improves pattern diversity. These are the three main innovations of the proposed antenna. Additionally, a small coating of graphene is applied to the silicon dielectric to enable frequency reconfiguration. The HFSS and CST simulation results verify that the antenna functions efficiently between 2.61 and 3.91 THz, sustaining consistent far-field and MIMO performance throughout the spectrum. The suggested radiator is a promising option for the THz built 6G communication system.