Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric temperature and pressure profiles based on the lidar scattering spectrum under low-SNR conditions

This research presents a novel, to our knowledge, simultaneous measurement method of atmospheric temperature and pressure profiles based on the lidar scattering spectrum under low-SNR conditions. Departing from classical retrieval processing based on energy, the method exploits the bistable nature of the pure spectral dimension characteristics (Brillouin shift and Rayleigh-Brillouin spectrum linewidth) and exploits their robust effects to enhance temperature and pressure inversion accuracy and suppress Mie scattering noise effects. Key optimizations include retrieval model revisions, aiming to improve accuracy and efficiency, and the strategic manipulation of determining the optimal solution of the analytical model. Collectively, these refinements address the challenges in the simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric temperature and pressure profiles caused by aerosol effects and analytical model limitations, thereby advancing the development of atmospheric lidar technology. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a comprehensive review of recent advances in theoretical analysis, simulation, and lidar ground experiments that validate its performance in low-altitude scenarios. As the results show, the retrieved temperature and pressure show good agreement with the reference temperature and pressure, the absolute temperature difference is less than 2.0 K, and the relative pressure difference is less than 0.21%. This innovative approach, encapsulated within an atmospheric lidar system framework, promises to overcome SNR challenges in multi-parameter remote sensing of the atmospheric environment, paving the way for improved measurement accuracy in low-SNR conditions.