Spontaneous Raman scattering in SDM fibers
Abstract
Spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS) is a weak nonlinear effect particularly relevant to classical-quantum coexistence transmission and sensing applications. In classical transmission, the relevant Raman effect is stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and recent studies have examined it in space-division multiplexing (SDM) fibers. An intrinsic relation between SpRS and SRS allows previous SRS results to inform SpRS models. In this work, we extend SpRS models derived for single-mode fibers (SMFs) to SDM fibers with multiple mode groups of degenerate modes, covering both Stokes and anti-Stokes bands. The proposed model is a useful, fiber-design-independent tool for evaluating scattered noise in optical links, and it is validated through experimental measurements in field-deployed multi-core fibers (MCFs) and multi-mode fiber (MMF), showing good agreement.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics
Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Optics Letters
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3160–3160
- Publication date
- 11 May 2026
- Language
- EN