Real-time imaging through moving scattering media enabled by fixed optical modulations

Dynamic scattering remains a significant challenge to the practical deployment of anti-scattering imaging. Existing methods, such as transmission matrix measurements, iterative wavefront shaping, and optical phase conjugation, depend on a quasi-static assumption, requiring the object and scattering medium to remain stable during a single imaging process to enable one-to-one compensation. However, image reconstruction becomes unattainable when this assumption is violated. Here, we propose a novel imaging strategy that counteracts time-dependent scattering perturbations through a fixed modulation module. This one-to-many compensation mechanism is realized via optical diffraction neural networks (ODNNs) trained on simulated datasets. Our approach is not only immune to speckle decorrelation but also leverages it to enhance image quality. ODNNs generalize effectively to real-world scattering medium scenarios via multi-simulated scattering media learning and reconstruct images in real time with light-speed processing. We achieve 80 Hz imaging of moving objects in moving scattering media with decorrelation times