Climate advocacy and activism by scientists: A narrative review

In the context of accelerating climate and environmental crises, advocacy and activism by scientists is becoming increasingly prominent. This growing visibility has intensified the debate surrounding the effectiveness of such engagement and its impact on scientific credibility, public trust, and professional norms. In this article, we summarise the existing conceptual and empirical research on the reasons why scientists engage in climate and environmental advocacy, the factors that constrain them, and the effects of such engagement on the public, scientific communities, and the scientists themselves. Finally, we identify conceptual, methodological, and empirical gaps, and highlight priorities for future research on responsible and effective scientist engagement.