Let her shine: Empowering women and closing India’s gender gap in STEM

AISHE 2021-22: Key Results• The All-India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE), 2021-22 was conducted with reference period as academic session 2021-22.The Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of India have filled their data using an entirely online data collection platform through the Web Data Capture Format (Web DCF) developed by the Department of Higher Education and the National Informatics Centre (NIC).• A total of 1,168 Universities/University level Institutions, 45,473 Colleges and 12,002 Stand Alone Institutions were registered in AISHE 2021-22.Of them, 1,162 Universities, 42,825 colleges and 10,576 Stand Alone Institutions have responded in the survey. Number of Institutions• In all, 341 Universities/University level institutions have been established since 2014-15.• Out of 1168 Universities registered, 685 are Government managed (Central Govt.240, State Govt.445), 10 are Private Deemed (Aided) and 473 are Private (Un-aided).• There are 17 Universities exclusively for Women.It was 11 in 2014-15.• In 2021-22, there are 18 Open universities (1 Central University, 16 State Universities and 1 State Private University).• Of the 1,162 Universities who responded in the Survey, there are 655 General, 192 Technical, 57 Agriculture & Allied, 79 Medical, 27 Law, 19 Sanskrit and 8 Language Universities.Remaining 125 Universities were of other specialized categories.• In 2021-22, the registered colleges are 45473.In 2014-15 there were 38498 colleges registered with AISHE (an increase of 6975 colleges).• During 2021-22, 1677 colleges have been registered with AISHE.• Out of 42825 responded colleges, 21.5% Colleges are Government Colleges, 13.2% are Private (Aided) and 65.3% are Private(un-aided).• 10.4% Colleges (4470) that have responded in the survey are exclusively for Females. Student Enrolment in Higher Education:• Total enrolment in higher education has increased to nearly 4.33 crore in 2021-22 from 4.14 crore in 2020-21 (increase of 18.87 Lakh, 4.6%) and 3.42 crores in 2014-15 (an increase of 26.5%)• Female enrolment in Higher Education increases to 2.07 crore (32% increase since 2014-15). ii• Of the 4.33 crore students enrolled in 2021-22, 15.3% belong to Scheduled Caste, 6.3% belong to Scheduled Tribe, 37.8% are from Other Backward Class and remaining 40.6% students are from other communities.• Enrolment of Scheduled Caste students has increased to 66.23 lakh in 2021-22 from 58.95 lakh in 2020-21.There is a 25.4% increase in SC enrolment during last 5 years (i.e.since 2017-18).Overall increase in SC Student enrolment since 2014-15 is 44%.• The enrolment of Scheduled Caste Female students has increased to 31.71 lakh in 2021-22 from 29.01 lakh in 2020-21.26.6% increase in SC Female enrolment is seen in last 5 years.The overall increase in SC Female Student enrolment since 2014-15 is 51%.• In case of Scheduled Tribe students, the enrolment has increased to 27.1 lakh in 2021-22 from 24.12 lakh in 2020-21.41.6% increase in ST enrolment is observed since 2017-18 and overall increase in ST Student enrolment since 2014-15 is 65.2%.• The enrolment of Scheduled Tribe Female students has increased to 13.46 lakh in 2021-22 from 12.21 lakh in 2020-21.Substantial increase of 47.6% in ST female enrolment is observed during last 5 years and 80% increase since 2014-15.• Enrolment of students from Other Backward Class has increased to about 1.63 crore in 2021-22 from 1.48 crore in 2020-21.There is 27.3% increase in OBC enrolment since 2017-18.Also, overall increase in OBC Student enrolment since 2014-15 is 45%.• Enrolment of OBC Female students has increased to 78.19 lakh in 2021-22 from 72.88 lakh in 2020-21.There is 27.2% increase in OBC female enrolment since 2017-18 and overall increase in OBC female Student enrolment since 2014-15 is 49.3%.• The Minority enrolment has increased to 30.1 lakh in 2021-22 from 21.8 lakh in 2014-15 (an increase of 38%).Female Minority enrolment has increased 42.3% since 2014-15 (15.2 lakh in 2021-22 from 10.7 lakh in 2014-15.)• The total Student Enrolment in North East States is 12.02 lakh in 2021-22 as compared to 9.36 lakh in 2014-15.The female enrolment in North East States is 6.07 lakh in 2021-22, higher than the male enrolment of 5.95 lakh • The top 6 States in terms of Student Enrolment are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Rajasthan.They constitute 53.3% of the total Student Enrolment.• In the year 2021-22, Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education for age group 18-23 years has increased to 28.4, from 27.3 in 2020-21 and 23.7 in 2014-15 (as per population projection based on 2011 census.)iii • Female GER has increased to 28.5 in 2021-22 from 27.9 in 2020-21 and 22.9 in 2014-15.Female GER continues to be more than male GER for fifth consecutive year as per AISHE 2021-22• SC student GER has increased to 25.9 in 2021-22 from 23.1 in 2020-21.There is also a significant improvement in GER from 2014-15 (18.9).• SC female GER has increased to 26 in 2021-22 from 23.9 in 2020-21 and 18.1 in 2014-15.• ST student GER has increased to 21.2 in 2021-22 from 18.9 in 2020-21.There is also a significant improvement in GER from 2014-15 (13.5).• ST female GER has increased to 20.9 in 2021-22 from 19.1 in 2020-21 and 12.2 in 2014-15.• Notably, Government Universities constituting 58.6% of total Universities, contribute 73.7% of total enrolment, Private Universities account for 26.3% of total enrolment.• Further, Government Colleges constituting 21.5% of total colleges contribute 34.8% of total enrolment.Private (Aided) colleges constituting 13.3% of total colleges account for 20.6% enrolment, whereas the 65.2% Private (Un-aided) Colleges account for only 44.6% of total enrolment.• About 78.9% of the students are enrolled in undergraduate level courses and 12.1% are enrolled in postgraduate level courses.• Based on actual response at undergraduate level, enrolment is highest in Arts (34.2%), followed by Science (14.8%), Commerce (13.3%) and Engineering & Technology (11.8%).• Total Ph.D. enrolment has increased 81.2% in 2021-22 (2.13 lakh) from 2014-15 (1.17 lakh)• Female Ph.D. enrolment has doubled in 2021-22 (0.99 lakh) from 2014-15(0.48lakh).• At postgraduate level, maximum students are enrolled in Social Science stream (21.1%) followed by science (14.7%) based on actual response.• At Ph.D. level, enrolment is highest in Engineering &Technology (24.8%) followed by Science (21.3%) based on actual response.• Of the total enrolment in 2021-22, the number of Student enrolment in STEM for UG, PG, Ph.D. and M.Phil.levels is 98.5 lakh (25.6%) based on actual response.In Science stream Females have outnumbered Males.• Total number of foreign students enrolled in higher education is 46,878.The foreign students have come from 170 different countries. iv• In 2021-22, highest share of foreign students is from Nepal (28%), followed by Afghanistan (6.7%),United States (6.2%), Bangladesh (5.6%), UAE (4.9%), and Bhutan (3.3%).Top 10 countries constitute 64.7% of the total foreign students. Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff in Higher Education:• The total number of faculty/teachers in 2021-22 are 15.98 lakh, of which about 56.6% are male and 43.4% are female.• Number of teachers has increased by 46,618 in 2021-22 over 2020-21.• There is a marginal betterment of female per 100 male faculty from 75 in 2020-21 to 77 in 2021-22.• Female faculty/teachers have increased to 6.94 lakh in 2021-22 from 5.69 lakh in 2014-15 (an increase of 22% since 2014-15)• For Regular Mode, Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) in Universities and Colleges is 24 whereas PTR for Universities and its Constituent Units, in regular mode, is 18.• The number of non-teaching staff is 12,08,446 out of which about 56.3% are male and 43.7% are female.The average number of females per 100 male non-teaching staff is 78. Out-Turn• The total number of pass-outs has increased to 1.07 Crore in 2021-22 as against 95.4 Lakh in 2020-21.• At the under graduate level, the highest out-turn is in Bachelor of Arts with 24.16 Lakh, followed by Bachelor of Science with 12.53 Lakh, Bachelor of Commerce with 11.08 Lakh and 8.47 Lakh in Bachelor of Engineering & Bachelor of Technology combined.• At Post-graduate level, the highest out-turn is in Master of Arts (7.02 Lakh), followed by Master of Science ( 3.56 Lakh), Master of Business Administration ( 2.32 Lakh) and Master of Commerce (1.9 Lakh).• In Diploma, the total number of pass-outs is 9.2 Lakh.• 32,588 students were awarded Ph.D. during 2021-22 with 18,464 males and 14,124 females.The highest number of Ph.D. was awarded in science 7,408 followed by Engineering & Technology 6,270.