Artificial intelligence-based dairy cattle behavior recognition for estrus detection via ensemble fusion of two camera views

Monitoring cattle behavior plays an important role in improving farm productivity, maintaining animal welfare, and supporting efficient management practices. This study presents a multi-view behavior recognition system that uses synchronized top-view and front-view CCTV footage, combined with deep learning techniques. The system includes four main components: cow identification, behavior classification, identity-behavior association using Intersection-over-Union (IoU), and a decision-level ensemble to combine information from both views. YOLOv8 models are applied separately to each camera angle to detect individual cows and classify six key behaviors: drinking, eating, standing, lying, riding, and chin resting, with the latter two being relevant for estrus detection. The system matches cow identities to their behaviors within each view and then integrates the results to produce a final activity label for each cow.