Prevalence of MASLD and fibrosis in Turkey: Results from a multicenter study of at-risk populations

BACKGROUND: Turkey represents a high-risk setting for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), with national obesity and diabetes rates of 32% and 15%, respectively. Yet, no prior studies have systematically assessed MASLD and fibrosis prevalence and the independent contribution of these metabolic risk factors in at-risk Turkish populations exhibiting cardiometabolic risks. METHODS: 1,039 adults were enrolled in a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted between 2022 and 2024. All participants presented with at least one of the current MASLD diagnostic criteria. Standardized clinical assessments were performed. Individuals with excessive alcohol consumption (F3) prevalence were 57.5% (95% CI: 54.4%-60.4%), 7.6% (95% CI: 6.1%-9.4%) and 2.6% (95% CI: 1.8%-3.8%) respectively. Multivariable logistic regression of MASLD revealed a significant association with female sex (OR=0. 548; 95% CI: 0.391, 0.770), obesity (OR=2.208; 95% CI: 1.535, 3.177), insulin resistance (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.528, 2.881), metabolic syndrome (OR=2.436; 95% CI: 1.614, 3.679) and central obesity (OR=2.816; 95% CI: 1.725, 4.595). Multivariable logistic regression of fibrosis demonstrated a significant association with high income (OR=0.256; 95% CI: 0.069, 0.948), obesity (OR=4.845; 95% CI: 2.540, 9.242), diabetes, (OR=2.172; 95% CI: 1.306, 3.610), insulin resistance OR=4.205; 95% CI: 2.144, 8.246) and metabolic syndrome (OR=2.053; 95% CI: 1.042, 4.045). CONCLUSION: MASLD is prevalent in more than half of the at-risk population studied. Male sex, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and central obesity are significant risk factors associated with it. Despite the high MASLD prevalence, significant fibrosis is less prevalent and is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes. Further research is warranted in this population. STUDY REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05194553.