Durability of the BNT162b2 XBB:1.5-adapted vaccine against JN.1 hospitalisation in Europe, October 2023 to August 2024: A test-negative case-control study using the id.DRIVE platform

BACKGROUND: While multiple studies report that the BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2 XBB vaccine) is effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalisation and death, effectiveness beyond six months remains unexplored. METHODS: We extended our previous study of BNT162b2 XBB vaccine effectiveness (VE) to evaluate durability against JN.1-related hospitalisation up to 46 weeks since dose using the id.DRIVE platform across Europe. This multi-country, multi-centre test-negative case-control study assessed the effectiveness and durability of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine in preventing JN.1-associated hospitalisation among adults with severe acute respiratory infection between October 2023 and August 2024. Each case was matched with up to four controls by symptom onset date and study site. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for symptom onset date, age, sex, number of chronic conditions, and influenza vaccination receipt. RESULTS: Among 827 test-positive cases and 2232 test-negative controls, protection against hospitalisation was sustained from two to