Climate change and access to food genetic heritage in the world’s main economies

The present study addresses the problem of climate change and its impacts on food security and food genetic heritage. Rising global temperatures, irregular rainfall, and extreme weather events compromise agricultural production, availability, and food stability. In addition, the reduction of plant genetic variability threatens the adaptation of crops to new climatic conditions, directly affecting biodiversity and global food security. The main objective of the research is to analyze how the world’s main economies treat access to food genetic heritage. The genetic diversity of cultivated species is essential for adaptation to environmental changes, as varieties resistant to high temperatures, droughts and pests can be developed from this gene bank. However, climate change reduces this variability, selecting only a few varieties adapted to the new climate and threatening traditional and local species. The methodology used is based on inductive logic, using techniques such as referent and file. The research seeks to make an overview of the policies employed for the protection and conservation of the food genetic heritage by Brazil, China, the European Union, the United States and Russia.