Mpox and Public Health in Türkiye: Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Vaccination and Prevention

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has transformed from a localized African threat into a global public health concern, notably with the 2022 multi-country outbreak and the 2024 resurgence of clade I in Central Africa, both leading to public health emergency of international concern declarations.This review synthesizes the current understanding of mpox, covering its microbiology, global and regional epidemiology (with a specific focus on Türkiye), transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, specific case definitions as outlined by the Türkiye General Directorate of Public Health, therapeutic options, and vaccination strategies for public health professionals.The review also addresses the complexities of mpox in Türkiye, marked by inconsistent official reporting, underscoring the need for transparent surveillance.Besides, this review underscores the necessity of adaptive public health responses, ongoing genomic monitoring, and coordinated global efforts to mitigate mpox's evolving threat.