Mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following coronavirus infection during the acute phase and long-term period

BACKGROUND : Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major risk factors for severe COVID-19 and increased mortality. The long-term consequences of the infection remain unclear. AIM: To assess mortality and risk factors for death in patients with T2DM after COVID-19, both in acute phase and long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS : This was a retrospective observational case-control study. Study included patients over 18 years of age with T2DM and recorded history of COVID-19 in clinical-epidemiological diabetes monitoring database from 2020 to 2022. Control group consisted of patients with T2DM who died between 2020 and 2022 from causes not related to COVID-19. Statistical analysis performed using RStudio 2024.04.02 (Posit Software, PBC) with R programming language, version 4.3.3. RESULTS : The study included 7,625 patients with T2DM who had recovered from COVID-19 and 212,352 patients with T2DM without a documented history of COVID-19. From 2020 to 2022, the mortality rate in the post-COVID group was 24.6%, of which 21.7% occurred during the acute phase. This was significantly higher than in the control group (14.1%, p