Effect of calcium aluminate on the biocompatibility of calcium silicate sealers in rat mandible

Purpose: To evaluate the biocompatibility and tissue response of calcium silicate sealers with added calcium aluminate in the mandibular bone defects of rats.Materials and Methods: Bone defects were created in the cortical bone of the mandibular inferior border of rats.The animals were divided into three groups: a control group without sealer application (Sham 2W), a group treated with a sealer containing 33% tricalcium silicate (S3300), and a group treated with a sealer containing 33% tricalcium silicate and 9% tricalcium aluminate (S3309).After 2 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and the mandibles were harvested for histological analysis using H&E, Masson's trichrome (MT), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.Results: In the Sham 2W group, granulation tissue composed of inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and woven bone was observed.In both the S3300 and S3309 groups, the sealers maintained their shape within the defect, and the interface between the sealer and tissue appeared smooth and continuous.No foreign body reaction, osteoclastic activity, or cellular destruction was observed.Conclusion: Calcium silicate sealers with calcium aluminate showed appropriate biocompatibility and tissue stability when in contact with bone tissue.(