Exploring Quantum Gravity Effects in Elliptical Galaxies: A Theoretical Perspective on M87 and M49

This paper investigates the application of Quantum Gravity Theory (QGT) to the dynamics of ‎elliptical galaxies, with a primary focus on the well-observed systems M87 and M49. Based ‎on the theoretical framework proposed by Wong et al. (2014), which integrates relativity ‎theory and quantum theory, QGT offers a novel explanation for galactic dynamics without ‎invoking dark matter. The theory posits that quantum gravitational effects, including the ‎exchange of gravitons and antigravitons, produce an effective antigravity phenomenon in the ‎outer regions of galaxies, mimicking the dynamical influence traditionally attributed to dark ‎matter. We apply the QGT potential to model the kinematic data of M87 and M49, two ‎massive elliptical galaxies with extensive observational constraints.‎ We derive the QGT-modified Jeans equation, incorporating the QGT potential (‎ ‎) to ‎predict velocity dispersion profiles. By rigorously accounting for baryonic mass—including ‎the intra-cluster medium (ICM)—we achieve fits to data spanning 0.5–150 kpc using the ‎stellar mass-to-light ratio as a free parameter. Bayesian analysis reveals decisive statistical ‎superiority over NFW (ΔBIC > 13) and MOND models (ΔBIC > 9). ‎ These results suggest that QGT, rooted in the fundamental principles of modern physics, ‎offers a compelling alternative explanation for the dynamics of elliptical galaxies. By ‎successfully modeling M87 and M49 without dark matter, this study challenges the necessity ‎of the dark matter hypothesis in these galactic systems and opens new avenues for exploring ‎quantum aspects of gravity at astrophysical scales