Investigation of Non-Uniform Heat Source or Sink on Bioconvection of Casson Nanofluid Over Exponential Stretching Sheet

The research work aims to explore the influence of non-uniform heat sources or sinks on the Bioconvection of Casson Nanofluids over a sheet that is stretched exponentially. The analysis focuses on the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior induced by the interaction between the nanofluid and microorganisms in the presence of a non-uniform thermal field, which is recognized as an important factor in improving the thermal efficiency of devices, including microbial fuel cells, bacteria-driven micromixers, microfluidic systems, enzyme biosensors, and bio-microsystems. These findings provide essential bioengineering insights to guide the development and refinement of cutting-edge technologies. Nonlinear differential equations governing the model are formulated using conservation laws, and by similarity transformation, ordinary differential equations are obtained and solved by using the MATLAB bvp4c software program, which are then plotted graphically. Results are compared using graphs. The analysis of key parameters’ effects on various factors, including nanofluid velocity, temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration, gyrotactic microorganism concentration, skin-friction, Nusselt-number, Sherwood-number, and motile-density-number, is evaluated.