Factors Affecting Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior in Virtual Learning Among Students of the College of Social Sciences Norton University Cambodia

Universities are integrating e-learning into their programs. However, many factors influence students’ adoption of technology for learning, and there is no consistent research agreement on this topic. This study identifies the factors that affect the behavioral intention and use behavior of virtual learning among students at Norton University, Cambodia. This study followed the three models: the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and the Technology Acceptance Model. A questionnaire and a quantitative method were used to gather data from 500 respondents in years 2, 3, and 4. The item-objective congruence was used to evaluate content validity, and a pilot test of the questionnaire was conducted to assess Cronbach’s alpha for reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling are employed to evaluate the goodness of fit and hypothesis testing. As a result, behavioral intention was found to have a strong relationship with use behavior, followed by effort expectancy, social influence, and hedonic motivation. The insignificant factors include perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, computer self-efficacy, performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions. This study recommends improving students' engagement in virtual learning by enhancing effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, and behavioral intention. The insignificant variables, such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, computer self-efficacy, performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions, are also necessary for improvement. Universities and course designers should prioritize educating students on digital literacy to ensure their effective engagement with technology for learning. This will increase their experiences and prepare them to interact with e-learning in the future, especially in the digital age.