Oncocytic salivary gland carcinomas.

fusions in SC. Biphasic tumours, such as oncocytic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (OEMC) and oncocytic adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (OANOS), further complicate diagnosis due to dual cellular composition and overlapping features with other neoplasms. Complex-pattern tumours, particularly oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (OMEC), highlight diagnostic challenges and underscore the need for advanced molecular diagnostics. This article emphasises the critical role of integrated histopathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, and molecular profiling in the accurate classification of these neoplasms. Despite diagnostic advancements, some entities, like OANOS, remain provisional, pending widespread access to transcriptomic tools. Recognising the molecular heterogeneity and clinicopathologic nuances of oncocytic carcinomas is essential for improving diagnostic precision, prognostication, and guiding targeted therapy.