Design and Implementation of Operational Mode for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Integrated with Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

This research investigates how electric vehicle (EV) charging can work together with photovoltaic (PV) power generation through smart charging techniques and a voltage-to-grid (V2G) system. A new model for an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) was created and evaluated to understand how well it works, how it can be improved, and how efficient it is. By combining the EVCS with the PV system, the goal is to decrease power wastage, boost PV self-usage, and decrease customer costs. The charging station model features a centralized charging station offering both slow and fast battery charging options, along with two levels of charging voltage choices (48V and 60V) within a 2.5kW-capacity PV system. The model simulation runs on Simulink MATLAB software. To control the voltage, current, and state of charge (SoC) of electric vehicle batteries during charging and discharging, a method called constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) is utilized. This method focuses on maximizing charging power effectively and preventing battery overcharging. To achieve this, fuzzy logic controllers adjust the duty cycle and keep the current and voltage stable. In the V2G system, electric vehicles (EVs) can charge, discharge, and serve as energy storage for the grid. Moreover, smart charging is being implemented to improve coordination among electric vehicles, local electricity production, and other power needs. Through a particular control system, EVs can be charged when there is a surplus of solar power but will refrain from charging during peak energy usage times.