Microscopic and powder characteristics of Homalomena cochinchinensis (Lour.) Schott for pharmacognostic identification and quality control

This study examines the microscopic and powder characteristics of Homalomena cochinchinensis, a valued medicinal plant in Vietnam, which is widely used to treat arthritis, muscle pain, skin wounds and digestive issues. The aim was to pinpoint unique features for accurate species identification and quality control. Samples from Tay Ninh, Vietnam, were studied by slicing roots, rhizomes, leaves, petioles and leaf sheaths for microscopic analysis and processing rhizome powder. The findings revealed distinct markers, including thick tissue layers, ring-shaped vascular bundles and needle-shaped or rhombohedral calcium oxalate crystals. The rhizome powder, sifted through a 0.150 mm sieve, produced particles smaller than 9 µm, ideal for efficiently extracting medicinal compounds. These characteristics enable reliable identification of H. cochinchinensis, distinguish it from similar species, establish quality benchmarks for herbal products. The fine powder supports consistent extraction of active compounds, aiding the development of effective medicinal formulations. These findings provide a foundation for further pharmacological research to ensure safe and effective use traditional and modern medicinal.