Environmentally friendly agronomic strategies for managing abiotic stresses in crops

Most of the agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress, which can significantly reduce crop production both qualitatively and quantitatively. Numerous abiotic stressors, including temperature stress (heat and cold), salinity, drought, heavy metal contamination, nutrient deficiency or toxicity have negative impact on crops and limit their productivity and quality. Understanding the mechanisms of major abiotic stressors and their negative impacts on crop yield helps to improve crop resilience and productivity through agronomic management. Biochar, kaolin, super absorbents, seaweed extracts, yeast extracts and nanoparticles are the promising environment friendly agronomic approaches that can mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stresses on crops and improve their productivity. This review mainly focuses on different abiotic stressors, their impacts on crop productivity and environment friendly management strategies.