Productivity and economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation in short rotation crop rotations depending on fertilization systems

In recent years, there has been a trend in Ukraine towards saturating crop rotations with a limited number of agricultural crops, often strategic. This leads to disruption and neglect of the optimal structure of intensive crop rotations. Winter wheat has significant economic importance and occupies an important niche in modern crop rotations. Research conducted in the northern Steppe of Ukraine confirm the dependence of winter wheat yield and productivity on crop rotation and fertilization systems using a biopreparation. The yield of winter wheat in grain–fallow–arable crop rotations was significantly higher compared to rotations without fallow or with cover crops. The highest productivity winter wheat was achieved when grown after fallow in the organo–mineral fertilization system using a biofertilizer: 6.49 t ha-¹ grain, 7.14 t ha-¹ grain units, 9.15 t ha-¹ feed units, 0.78 t ha-¹ digestible protein units. High costs of mineral fertilizers led to a decrease in economic efficiency. The highest economic indicators were achieved by cultivating winter wheat in grain–fallow–arable rotations using biopreparation without additional fertilizers, with profitability of 72.7 %.