Clinical characteristics and socioeconomic determinants of unintentional childhood injuries: An emergency department perspective

BACKGROUND: Unintentional childhood injuries (UCIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children globally, imposing significant clinical and economic burdens, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Emergency Departments (EDs) serve not only as the first point of contact for such events but also as the initial entry point for non-fatal UCIs, which represent a hidden and more substantial burden on health services. The primary objective of this study is to comprehensively analyze the clinical and socioeconomic determinants and predictors of unintentional childhood injuries (UCIs) presenting to the emergency department. Based on insights from these empirical data, the study further proposes a multidisciplinary, four-dimensional framework as a conceptual model to enhance systemic prevention and intervention strategies. METHODS: This is a prospective and cross-sectional study. Data were collected using structured forms and digital medical records, covering demographic, familial, socioeconomic, and injury-related variables. Statistical analyses were performed to examine associations among risk factors, injury mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and mortality predictors. RESULTS: Falls were the most common cause of UCI (49.8%), followed by traffic accidents (12.4%). Injuries most frequently occurred at home(43.6%), particularly in kitchens and gardens. Male patients constituted 62.7% of the cases. Statistically significant associations were observed between low maternal education, poor economic status, and higher Injury Severity Score (ISS). Multiple trauma(MT) was more common among children aged≥12 years and those with separated parents. Elevatedserum glucose (≥153 mg/dL) and glucose/potassium ratio (≥39.48) were identified as potential clinical markers for assessing mortality risk (p