How to Write to SSDs
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that adopting out-of-place writes is essential for database systems to fully leverage SSD performance and extend SSD lifespan. We propose a set of out-of-place optimizations that collectively reduce write amplification across both the DBMS and SSD layers. We redesign the in-place, B-tree-based LeanStore to write out-of-place and support these optimizations, and evaluate it on diverse OLTP benchmarks, dataset sizes, and SSDs. The final design improves throughput by 1.65–2.24× and reduces flash writes per operation by 6.2–9.8× on YCSB-A. On TPC-C with 15,000 warehouses, throughput improves by 2.45× while flash writes decrease by 7.2×. Finally, we show that the architecture can seamlessly support novel SSD interfaces such as ZNS and FDP.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
- Publisher
- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1469–1483
- Publication date
- 1 March 2026
- Language
- EN