Dynamic orchestration: the evolutionary practices of large firms in entrepreneurial ecosystems

The literature on the orchestration of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) has neglected the dynamic dimension of the orchestrator's role. We fill this gap by adopting an evolutionary perspective to investigate the role of a large firm as an orchestrator of an EE. We use a single case study and the process research methodology to analyse the EE orchestrated by a leader in the appliance market, from 2012 to 2023. Two findings emerge from the research. First, we identify three stages in the evolution of EEs: exploration, growth, and expansion, as well as the crucial role of the leader firm at each stage. Second, we demonstrate that the leader firm shows adaptability to ensure the development and sustainability of the EE. In sum, we show that beyond orchestrating a network and resources, the leader firm relies on its dynamic capabilities to enable the EE to address challenges that emerge throughout its existence.