ReBIoT: a resource-efficient framework for blockchain-enabled IoT and distributed large-scale applications

Blockchain-enabled internet of things (BIoT) has emerged as a promising paradigm to enhance security and privacy in distributed environments. While blockchain ensures data integrity through immutable and tamper-proof records, its adoption in resource-constrained devices (RCDs) remains challenging due to computationally intensive consensus mechanisms and inefficient storage practices. This paper introduces ReBIoT, a secure and lightweight framework designed to optimise blockchain integration within RCD-based systems. ReBIoT decentralises intelligence by enabling interactive decision-making among nodes, replacing traditional heavy consensus verification. It further incorporates a self-learning rule-based data filtering (SRDF) mechanism to remove redundant or irrelevant data, and applies forking and versioning with fixed-length chunking to improve immutability and storage efficiency. The layered architecture of ReBIoT progressively filters raw data and prevents duplication, providing a flexible interface for various distributed applications. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that ReBIoT significantly reduces computational and storage overheads while maintaining data reliability and security.