Note on Translation and Transliteration

All translations are my own unless stated otherwise.I have adopted a faithful method of translation to convey the meaning of Arabic terms as opposed to literal translation.For Qurʾanic translations, I generally modify the Sahih International translation (Saheeh International, The Qur'ān: English Meanings; Al-Muntada al-Islami, 2004) to ensure idiomatic translation into English.All important terms or expressions where there is potential for obscurity are accompanied with transliteration of the original in brackets.For transliteration, I have generally adopted the guidelines of the International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (IJMES) with occasional exceptions.These include: