213Thermal and hydrodynamic analysis of viscoplastic flow in a channel-cavity system with temperature-dependent properties

We perform numerical simulations to investigate heat transfer and mixed convection characteristics of a viscoplastic fluid moving through a grooved channel. To accurately capture the fluid behavior, we use a nonhomogeneous model. The results demonstrate the formation of distinct yielded and unyielded zones affected by variations in R e and C a . An increase in R e promotes enhanced recirculation and reduces the extent of unyielded zones, whereas a higher C a restricts fluid movement in regions where shear rates are low. The thermal field exhibits strong stratification at higher R i , where buoyancy-driven thermal plumes enhance mixing and heat transfer, in contrast to uniform temperature profiles at lower R i . Heat transfer analysis based on N u a v highlights enhanced heat transport for higher φ b and smaller d p , with the nonhomogeneous model capturing significant contributions from Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. Optimal heat transfer is achieved at high R e and low C a , conditions that promote convective mixing and reduce unyielded regions. This study emphasizes the importance of nonhomogeneous modeling for accurate predictions in complex flow systems, offering valuable insights for optimizing thermal management in grooved channel applications.